Summary based on a recent investigative report by the Center for Human Rights in Armed Conflicts, analyzing open sources, survivor testimonies, and official statements from Ukrainian, Russian, and UN authorities.Nearly three years after a devastating attack on Ukrainian prisoners of war at the Olenivka prison in Russian-occupied eastern Ukraine, mounting evidence implicates Russian Armed Forces in the planning and execution of the strike. The attack, which occurred on July 28, 2022, targeted Barrack 200, a hastily prepared section of the prison where over 200 Ukrainian POWs were being held. The result was catastrophic: dozens were killed, many more wounded, and the barrack itself was left in ruins.Investigations have revealed that the weapons used in the attack were advanced Russian thermobaric munitions, specifically the ZOF74 shell, fired from 120mm mortars. These munitions, known for their intense heat and destructive power, are standard issue for Russian military units. Analysis of satellite images, video footage, and survivor testimonies suggests that the attack was not a random act of violence, but a carefully coordinated military operation. Multiple explosions were reported, with the most lethal blasts occurring inside the barrack, causing maximum casualties among the prisoners.Survivors described a sequence of explosions, some outside and others inside the building, with evidence pointing to a deliberate attempt to maximize destruction and loss of life. The report also notes that the attack was likely synchronized with other Russian efforts to disrupt Western military aid to Ukraine, possibly timed to coincide with international diplomatic events.Despite the gravity of the incident and the wealth of available evidence, Russian authorities have not charged or prosecuted anyone in connection with the killings. The Russian Investigative Committee has remained silent since August 2022, and there are credible concerns that evidence has been tampered with or selectively released. Ukrainian investigators have identified the use of thermobaric weapons but have struggled to advance their own inquiry, citing lack of access and cooperation from Russian officials. Meanwhile, the United Nations’ fact-finding mission was abruptly dissolved in early 2023, with officials citing security concerns and a lack of guarantees from the Russian side.The Olenivka tragedy has drawn widespread condemnation from human rights organizations and the international community, who have called for a transparent and independent investigation. Families of the victims continue to demand answers, while legal experts warn that the lack of accountability sets a dangerous precedent for the treatment of prisoners of war in future conflicts.The attack is now seen as part of a broader Russian strategy to intimidate Ukrainian forces, undermine Western support, and send a chilling message to the international community. As the war in Ukraine continues, the Olenivka case remains a stark reminder of the human cost of the conflict and the urgent need for justice and accountability.